Gamma-Linolenic Acid
Origin: A type of omega-6 fatty acid found in evening primrose oil, black currant oil and borage oil.
Dosage: Capsules or oil; 2 g to 3 g daily.
Claims: Lessens joint pain, stiffness and swelling associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Eases symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon and Sjögren’s syndromes.
What we know: Several studies show GLA is an effective treatment for reducing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis with few side effects. GLA only works if taken orally; there is no evidence that these oils applied topically are effective. It also may regulate the immune system.
Studies: One of the most promising studies was a placebo-controlled trial of 56 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who received 2.8 g GLA for six months. Participants showed significant improvements related to joint pain, stiffness and grip strength. GLA doses at this level were found to be safe and effective for RA. A 2005 study showed that people with Sjögren’s syndrome who took GLA and linoleic acid had significant improvement in eye discomfort and tear production.
