Origin: Oil from cold-water fish such as mackerel, salmon, herring, tuna, halibut and cod.
Dosage: Fish, capsules or chewable tablets. For general health, two 3-ounce servings of fish a week are recommended. However, it’s difficult to get a therapeutic dose of fish oil from food alone. To treat arthritis-related conditions, use fish oil capsules with at least 30 percent EPA/ DHA, the active ingredients. For lupus and psoriasis, 2 g EPA/DHA three times a day. For Raynaud’s phenomenon, 1 g four times a day. For rheumatoid arthritis, up to 2.6 g fish oil (1.6 g EPA) twice a day.
Claims: Reduces inflammation and morning stiffness. Treats rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, depression and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Important for brain function and may inhibit RA development.
What we know: Fish oil is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, which can reduce inflammation. Fish oil lowers blood trigylceride (fats that circulate in the bloodstream), protecting against heart disease and reducing high blood pressure.
Studies: An analysis of nine studies of people with rheumatoid arthritis taking omega-3s showed a reduction in the number of tender joints but no reduction in joint damage. In six studies, people with rheumatoid arthritis were able to reduce their dosages of NSAIDs or corticosteroids. A 2005 study of people with RA showed enhanced positive effects when fish oil supplements were used in combination with olive oil.
Women who are pregnant or hoping to conceive should avoid shark, swordfish, king mackerel and tilefish, and should eat no more than 8 ounces of albacore tuna each month, due to potentially dangerous levels of mercury. Fish oil supplements at normal doses are safe. Look for brands that follow good manufacturing practices and contain fish oils without mercury.
