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Symptoms > Arthritis Symptoms By Body Part > The Spine - Neck & Back > Back and Spine Anatomy
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Anatomy of the Spine – Upper Back, Lower Back and Neck

When most people mention their back, what they are actually referring to is their spine. The spine runs from the base of your skull down the length of your back, going all the way down to your pelvis. It is composed of 33 spool-shaped bones called vertebrae, each about an inch thick and stacked one upon another.

Each vertebra consists of the following parts:

The body is the largest part of the vertebrae and the part that bears the most weight.

The lamina is the lining of the hole (spinal canal) through which the spinal cord runs.

The spinous process is the bony protrusions you feel when you run your hand down your back.

The transverse processes are the pairs of protrusions on either side the vertebrae to which the back muscles attach.

The facets are two pairs of protrusions where the vertebrae connect to one another, including:

• The superior articular facets, which face upward
• The inferior articular facets,
which face downward.

The connection points between the vertebrae are referred to as the facet joints, which keep the spine aligned as it moves. Similar to other joints in the body, the facet joints are lined with a smooth membrane called the synovium, which produces a viscous fluid to lubricate the joints.

Located between the individual vertebrae, discs serve as cushions or shock absorbers between the bones. Each disc is about the size and shape of a flattened doughnut hole and consists of two parts:

• The annulus fibrosis – a strong outer cover
• The nucleus pulposis – a "jelly-like" filling.

Running through the center of the spinal column is the spinal cord, a bundle of nerve cells and fibers that transmit electrical signals back and forth between the brain and the rest of the body via 31 pairs of nerve bundles that branch off the spinal cord and exit the column between the vertebrae.

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Barry Millwood
03 Apr 2012, 09:16
If I'd known about AS before my second of four back surgeries, I may not have had to have the fourth surgery. My neurosurgeon had said that he would see me in five years, but, I would not have lifted a fourteen foot John boat by myself which led to my fourth surgery last year.If I hadn't changed rheumatologists, I wouldn't have had blood test indicating that I had the AS marker.
Samuel Carroll
10 Mar 2012, 15:06
I have x-rays of my whole back on cd. From the pelvic to my neck. My doctor says it is arthritis in my lower/middle/neck.
He says there is no surgery to help me.
I am 42 yrs. old and my first lower back injury was 21 yrs. ago. I am now taking 800mg of Ibuprofen when in pain. There are times I can't hardly get out of bed in the morning. My pain is a ten when I hurt that bad. I take the maximum dose of generic xanax 2mg three times a day for having a nervous break down at the age of 33.
I don't want to stay on 800mg of Ibuprofen.
I have seen first hand what that does to friends of mine. Ulcers and messes up there stomach and liver. My doctor tried 50mg of Tramadol for my back and another pain medicine without success. I expressed my concern to him about too much Ibuprofen.
He won't prescribe me Vicodine. I don't know if Vicodine is an addictive drug or not.
I am thinking about seeing a Neurologist.
If anyone has any suggestions, I'm all ears.
Diana Hunt
02 Sep 2010, 22:41
I've had back problems for many yrs. & was treated mainly by physical therapy.{Spondelolytesis & stenosis L5 S1} Is there any other treatment {with surgery not an option}due to other serios health issues which make me a high risk.?
F.R.C.
23 Aug 2010, 23:46
I have arthritis pain in different areas of my spine, also a bone spur which is pressing against my psyattic nerve which affects the tops of my legs where they attach to the hips. My psyattic bone has also started to have arthritis in it also. Is there something other than surgery to releave the pain and discomfort?
Willa King
23 Aug 2010, 13:22
For 25Years I have been treated for Many versions of Artritis, Remetoid Arthritis,Fibroagia, Degenerative Spine Disc. I have a few Disc still I have one protruding
disk left.My back hurts day and night,it is hard to get any sleep, And during the day it locks up on me.I take Methotrexate,Tramadol,Lyrica,Evac for Shogrins,Predinsone,Paxil,heating pads,Etc;
Roseann Loasby
30 Jun 2010, 16:45
Hello! Since 1st injured in 2002 w/herniated neck disc and torn back muscles, I've also been diagnosed with lumbar & leg spurs, another herniated disc in lumbar,sciatica in both legs and hips,arthritis in lumbar,degen-erating spine disease,fibromyalgia-all creating spasms,electric-like shocks,facial tics,migraines and #8 average in pain level. All doctors recommend cymbalta for pain beside vicodin,soma. I can't afford it cause isn't covered. Is there any other med to help me? Severely allergic to all 'caines' and morphine meds. also ibuprofen gives me liver problems, so take very sparingly.I am crying alot in despair & pain.Please help me. Thank you for any and all help. Roseann
DARICE LANDRY
09 Jun 2010, 07:02
I HAVE BEEN RECENTLY DIAGNOSED WITH MODERATE DEGENERATIVE NECK DISC AND MILD ARTHRITIS FROM THEL5 TO S1 DISC OF THE SPINE. THEY RECOMMENDED MOTRIN BUT IT UPSETS MY STOMACH. I AM A GROCERY STOCKER AND WHEN I LIFT MY NECK UP AND DOWN FOR ANY PERIOD OF TIME I HAVE A LOT OF STIFFNESS AND PAIN. WHAT AM I TO DO? I AM A 54 YEAR OLD FEMALE AND MY JOB IS MY ONLY SOURCE OF INCOME. PLEASE RESPOND! MY LOWER BACK BACK IS NOT TOO SERIOUS, BUT THE NECK PAIN IS. IS DEGENERATIVE DISC THE SAME AS ARTHRITIS. IS THERE SOME OTHER NAME FOR THIS PROBLEM?

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