Aids blood clotting and activates osteocalcin, a protein that builds and strengthens bones.
How Much: RDA for vitamin K = 90 micrograms (mcg) for women;120 mcg for men.
Too Much: No UL set.
Too Little: increases blood-clotting time, and can cause bruises and bleeding gums.
Foods: Leafy greens and fermented soybeans.
Interactions: Antibiotics, blood-thinning drugs.
Research Note: Three studies show vitamin K reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures, but only modestly improves bone density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. But a study of more than 72,000 women found a link between low dietary vitamin K intake and an increased risk of hip fracture. Women who ate iceberg or romaine lettuce one or more times daily were 45 percent less likely to break a hip than those who ate lettuce once a week or less.
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