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Conditions > Sjögren's Syndrome > What Causes Sjögren’s Syndrome – and Who Gets It?
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What Causes Sjögren’s Syndrome – and Who Gets It?

Gender, genetics and environment play a role in disease development.

By Kerry Ludlam

Sand in your eyes and cotton in your mouth? There’s a name for what you might be experiencing. Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease that most commonly affects the lacrimal and salivary glands, which create moisture for the eyes and mouth, respectively. Sjögren’s syndrome causes a reduction in the production of saliva and tears, leading to uncomfortable dryness in the mouth and eyes.

There’s no known singular cause for Sjögren’s syndrome, but researchers believe that a combination of environmental and genetic factors determines who develops the disease. While there are certain genes that increase a person’s risk for Sjögren’s syndrome, the genes do not act alone. It is believed that in order for a person to develop Sjögren’s, the immune system must be activated by some sort of trigger – such as a viral or bacterial infection – that sends the immune system into overdrive.

Evidence also suggests that if someone in your family has Sjögren’s syndrome, you’re at higher risk for it. In fact, approximately 12 percent of people with Sjögren’s syndrome have one or more relatives with the disease. It's also common for relatives of people with Sjögren’s syndrome to develop some other type of autoimmune disease such as lupus or hypothyroidism.

Approximately 4 million Americans have Sjögren’s syndrome, making it among the most prevalent autoimmune disorders. Though it can affect people of either gender or at any age, nine out of 10 people living with Sjögren’s syndrome are women, most of them diagnosed in their 40s. In fact, a major risk factor for developing Sjögren’s syndrome is being a post-menopausal woman. 

While there isn’t yet a concrete answer as to why Sjögren’s syndrome affects women at such a higher rate than men, researchers believe the hormone estrogen might play a role. Another risk factor for Sjögren’s is the presence of other autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. In rare cases, even children can have Sjögren’s syndrome.

Anna
23 Apr 2012, 11:06
Back in 2009 I had injured my Rt shoulder at work,80% tear of rt rotor-cuff.I had surgery a year later,and also did physical therapy before I had the surgery, thinking I was going to go back to some employment which matched my education(2 AA degrees). After complaining that the same pain was there for almost a year, I was sent to arthritis Dr. and I was diagnosed with sJorgrens. I would like to know if trauma like that and left so long would that have brought on sJorgrens? I know the gene part of that of what was said but if was dormant, could that bring it on?
Jenny
22 Apr 2012, 16:03
I was lucky, my dentist noticed that my mouth didn't look right and I possibly had some autoimmune problem. My doctor tested me and it turned out I did have sjogrens. I am using hydroxychloriquine which seems to help my fatigue a little, but I still have a lot of bad days. I agree this article down plays the other side effects which I find to be more bothersome than dry eyes and mouth. I want doctors and people to understand this is serious.
Gaby
01 Feb 2012, 13:10
I couldn't agree more with every story. I'm from México, i've been struggling with doctors during more than 10 years now. Recently I found Dr. Alejandro, in only 1 1/2 years he has made my disease to calm down. I am so thankful, It's been a battle but with a good doctor and alternative therapy, I found an answer for me.
Now a days I meditate daily, do yoga every single day and take supplements from the Deepak Chopra's center. It has just change my life.
My diagnose at first was Lupus, then arthritis, fibromyalgia and Sjs.
We need more specific information, the article its too general.
Kathy
25 Nov 2011, 06:41
This article is a BIG disappointment. Came on here today for advice/clarification although my doctor already says I have Sjogren's (though the bloodwork does not show those specific antibodies) and I have OA and fibromyalgia. This article just scratches the surface, BARELY. At least there are some other websites with info strictly on sjogren's. Please update this.
Blanca
18 Nov 2011, 19:51
I have sjogren's and when I was diagnosed with this desease I was having a lot of symptoms, I even had problem with my speech. My Rheumatologist prescribe me hydroxychloriquine and also I am using Restasis for eye dryness.

Joseph Haynes
25 Oct 2011, 22:01
Here in the United States Surgical Doctors demand that their subordinate doctors cover-up for them or feel the retribution from those doctors who have a misguided sense of loyalty to protect their colleagues rather than worry about the health and well-being of their patients. And as in my case, I am on hospice care, fighting every day for my life. As you can see I am not getting any help from anyone here in Indiana and I am asking for your advice as to what I can do or who else I might talk to so I can get fixed please read my story).

I had to have surgery (2007) to remove a prednisone pannus because I had been on high doses of prednisone for more than ten years. The surgery went horribly wrong with several complications because Dr. Cohen would not listen to the other doctors and went on with the surgery anyway. When the stitching came undone I had to have a second surgery (2009). The surgeons who assisted in my surgery let me bleed internally for nine days because Dr. Coleman left the hospital right after the surgery and he could not be reached (one of the surgeons who assisted told me I would have to ride it out until they could get in touch with Dr. Coleman). My hemoglobin was 6.8 after the first surgery. Nine days later, after receiving 14 units of blood and 2 units of plasma, my hemoglobin was 6.6 (hell of a ride!!!). It didn’t seem to matter how much blood they pumped into me, I was losing ground, so on the eighth day the hospital doctor, Dr. Riley Snook, who knew my medical case, only too well, called Dr. Wooden in to do the surgery (washout). Dr. Wooden examined me, a push here, and a poke there, and in just a few minutes he told me I would be in surgery early the next morning. The surgery did not go off as scheduled because Dr. Coleman had to have a surgeon who he could trust to help cover up what they did wrong. I was led to believe that Dr. Wooden did the washout and stopped the bleeders. It was not until a month or so ago that I found out the surgeon that Dr. Coleman trusted was Dr. Flores. Between Dr. Coleman and Dr. Flores, my stomach was forced up into my lungs, collapsing 2/3 of my right lung and 1/3 of my left lung. I have been asking, no, begging to get a surgeon to fix the damage and correct the intestinal problem. Four hospital doctors and three surgeons tried to help me but the Chief surgeon told them not to help me or they would be fired. Dr. Pascuzzi, my neurologist at IU Hospital, told me to go outside of IU Hospital’s control. I went to seven different Surgeons who were qualified to do the surgery I needed. As each one of those Doctors talked to the Chief surgeon at IU Hospital, they would then call me back and cancel my appointment and tell me they did not want to get involved. In all, twenty-two doctors covered up for a few surgeons who think they are privileged and don’t want their superior standing to be damaged beyond repair. Before the first surgery I played golf nearly every day, shot hoops, and made mad passionate love to my wife. I nearly died in the first surgery and they tried even harder to do me in during the second surgery. The surgeons turned a healthy man into an invalid and I am now on Hospice Care and Home Bound. There is a massive cover-up going on because Dr. Coleman, Chief of Plastic Surgery at IU Hospital, doesn’t want anyone to know what horrible mistakes were made on me, and it didn’t have to be that way. The only way I’m going to live through this situation is for the News Media to expose the cover-up that is going on at IU Hospital. The last I heard from Dr. Pascuzzi was that Dr. Coleman’s influences ran deeper than just IU Hospital and he said we would have to start looking out of state. I am a sixty-six year old man and my means are moderate at best, so even if I found a surgeon out of state I would not have the means to travel there. Please help me before it’s too late.
Joseph Haynes Phone: 765-282-7826 E-mail: jtinyhaynes@yahoo.com
Joan
14 Oct 2011, 03:40
Thank you John. You are so right about the incompetent doctors and specialists that we have working in the US. Hell most of them can barely speak English. In fact I went to a new hematologist that is from India with broken english and had such a worldly almighty god attitude. She told me I was not to ask her any questions until she was finished speaking nor was she ever going to repeat herself and casually said I was tested positive for sjrogren's disease. Well, I wouldn't stand for her ignorant attitude and gave her a piece of my mind.
I guess in order to become a specialist in
the medical field one would have to reside in a foreign country to get knowledge and training then relocate to America, make the big bucks laugh all the way to bank and develop a self righteous almighty god attitude to us American born citizens.
That's ok. Bad KARMA is on her way and to all the greedy people in this world.
Kristin
14 Sep 2011, 21:51
John,
I couldn't agree more!
John
09 Sep 2011, 20:43
My mom just passed away this past Tuesday due to this horrible disease. Her liver was shot, and many other issues plagued her over the years. The article does not accurately portray this disease AT ALL, How pathetic. After 15 yrs or misdiagnosis, over-prescribing by useless doctors, her body simply gave out. From my experience with my mom, she was never properly informed of how to treat herself...it was all just pills pills pills. Never did she get a doctor who told her about nutrition, exercise and such...just pills to treat symptoms. In the end, her liver developed cirrhosis of the liver and we had to watch her die in front of our eyes the last 5 days in home hospice. She was 68. The so-called best medical in the world killed her. When will Americans wake up and realize the doctors and pharmacueticals are out for one thing, MONEY.
Victoria Springstead
01 Sep 2011, 10:56
I had suffered for 3 years with dry eyes,mouth and severe pain in feet,legs,hands etc.Some days could hardly walk.I finally went to a Rheumatologist and he diagnoised me with Sjogrens.I am a diabetic for 9 yrs. and was told it was from my diabetes. The Rheumatologist found out I have Rheumatoid,Fibro Myalgia,and Phoriatic arthritis. These are all Sjogrens disease's.He put me on Humira injections every 2 weeks and am almost 80% better.I also take celebrex for the inflamation.Hope this helps someone? Go to a Rheumatologist for help.
CHARLIE
08 Aug 2011, 14:37
CRISELDA HAVE A RHEUMATOLOGIST CHECK YOU FOR EITHER LUPUS OR FIBROMYALGIA - I HAVE MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE (LUPUS/FIBROMYALGIA/SJOGRENS) AND IT TOOK YEARS TO FIND OUT WHAT I HAD. THE PAIN IN MY BACK FEET HANDS SHOULDERS LEGS... MOVE AROUND AND SOME DAYS IS EVERYWHERE AT ONCE. FEET AND BACK SEEM TO JUST STAY THE MOST. BUT THE PAID IS MUCH MUCH BETTER THAN IT WAS BEFORE I WENT TO A RHEUMATOLOGIST AND GOT THE BLOOD WORK AND SYMPTOM WORKUP THAT GAVE ME MEDICINES THAT MAKE THE PAIN LIVABLE.. PRIOR TO THAT BY THE END OF THE DAY I WOULD SIT A CRY AS NOTHING OVER THE COUNTER WOULD SOLVE THE ISSUE. AND MANY PEOPLE WITH SJOGRENS ALSO HAVE LUPUS ARTHRITIS FIBROMYALGIA ,....
criselda
13 Jul 2011, 13:50
I have sjogrens also and it is a very painful condition it just talks about the eyes and mouth that are dry but I have chronic feet and hand pain and back well lets just say my whole body hurts all day everyday mostly my feet and hands the pain is unbearable it is a throbbing pain my ankles hurt bad also there is not one medication that helps me Ive tried so many already and nothing takes the pain away.
maryann
24 Jun 2011, 23:07
I have SJORGREN'S for many years and take pilocarpine tid. If I leave home for the day and dont take the next dose with me I can bearly talk or swallow unless I drink water first.So when I read this article To my surprise would not have know that the dryness was so intense. I read that women more then men have dry eyes and mouth. THATS PUTTING IT MILDLY. I haven't been able ti find anymore info on SJOGREN'S.
Julia
20 Jun 2011, 13:51
I'm really disappointed in this article. It's the perfect example of why many many health care providers are so sadly misinformed about Sjogren's syndrome.

Sjs is a systemic disease. Yes - common symptoms are dry eye and dry mouth, however, the entire body is affected. The gastrointestinal system, the genitourinary system, the skeletal system, and the skin all are frequently affected by this disease. Not to mention potential kidney and liver disease as well as a ten fold increase in the incidence of lymphoma. Generalized fatigue is also a hallmark and for many is disabling.

This article is superficial and poorly researched. If Arthritis Today, a respected source of information publishes more stories of this calibre, I will not be reading it in the future.

I expected more and better information from you.

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